see many recent references like
Stress Affects the Balance of Bacteria in the Gut and Immune Response
What's Your Gut Type? Gut Bacteria Could Help With Diagnostics and Influence Treatments
Mind-Altering Microbes: Probiotic Bacteria May Lessen Anxiety and Depression
Gut Bacteria Can Control Organ Functions
Healthy Gut Flora Could Prevent Obesity, Rat Study Suggests
Mother's Diet Influences Baby's Allergies, Research Suggests
Viruses in the Human Gut Show Dynamic Response to Diet
The Microbiome and Disease: Gut Bacteria Influence the Severity of Heart Attacks in Rats
Study Linking Gut Microbe Type With Diet Has Implications for Fighting GI Disorders
Diabetes May Start in the Intestines, Research Suggests
Learning How Gut Bacteria Influence Health: Scientists Crack Sparse Genome of Microbe Linked to Autoimmunity
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Common Gastrointestinal Disorder Linked to Bacterial Overgrowth, Food Poisoning
Gut Bacteria Linked to Behavior: That Anxiety May Be in Your Gut, Not in Your Head
Bacteria in the Gut of Autistic Children Different from Non-Autistic Children
The list continues.........Jeff Leach
http://humanfoodproject.com/author/jeff-leach/
Please click here for frequently asked Questions and to discuss about fermented rice.
Click here to how to prepare fermented rice or barley.
Metabolic output defines Escherichia coli as a health-promoting microbe against intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31595010
Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 reduces pathogen load and helps maintain short-chain fatty acid levels in the intestines of pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica Infantis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30827387
SCFAs are secondary metabolites resulting from bacterial action on diet indigestible fraction that may influence host metabolism26 These findings are consistent with data from previous studies showing that circulating acetic acid is related to “de novo” lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis stimulation in the liver, while propionic acid seemed to inhibit them43,44, which reinforced the hypothesis that the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid could be considered as a novel biomarker of the host lipid profile status.
Nevertheless, with regard to the role of acetic acid in lipid metabolism there are some controversies, since other authors have reported that dietary acetic acid is related to a decrease of both cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats45
Are Short Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Microbiota Defensive Players for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis? J. Atheroscler. Thromb.24, 660–672 (2017).
Dietary acetic acid reduce serum cholesterol and triacylglycerols in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Br J Nutr, 2006; 95: 916-924 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611381 To investigate the efficacy of the intake of vinegar for prevention of hyperlipidaemia, we examined the effect of dietary acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, on serum lipid values in rats fed a diet containing 1 % (w/w) cholesterol. Animals were allowed free access to a diet containing no cholesterol, a diet containing 1 % cholesterol without acetic acid, or a diet containing 1 % cholesterol with 0.3 % (w/w) acetic acid for 19 d. Then, they were killed after food deprivation for 7 h. Cholesterol feeding increased serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Compared with the cholesterol-fed group, the cholesterol and acetic acid-fed group had significantly lower values for serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerols, liver ATP citrate lyase (ATP-CL) activity, and liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA content as well as liver mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, ATP-CL and fatty acid synthase (P<0.05). Further, the serum secretin level, liver acyl-CoA oxidase expression, and faecal bile acid content were significantly higher in the cholesterol and acetic acid-fed group than in the cholesterol-fed group (P<0.05). However, acetic acid feeding affected neither the mRNA level nor activity of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase. In conclusion, dietary acetic acid reduced serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol: first due to the inhibition of lipogenesis in liver; second due to the increment in faecal bile acid excretion in rats fed a diet containing cholesterol.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925050
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925050 Overproduction/accumulation of short chain fatty acids, but not lactic acid, in the proximal colon and/or distal ileum may play a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants.

